SWINE FLU

INITIATING QUESTIONS

1. What is an epidemic?
An epidemic,occurs when new cases of a certain disease occur in a given human population, during a given period.

2. What is a pandemic?
A Pandemic ,is an epidemic,of infectious disease that spreads through populations across a large region.

3. What is an infectious disease?
Is a clinically evident disease resulting from the presence of viruses,pathogenic etc etc.

4. What is a virus?
Is a sub-microscopic infectious agent that it is unable to grow or reproduce outside a host cell.

5. What makes the H1N1 virus a "novel" or "new" virus?
That it can be instant,and it can reproduce so fast and it is contagious.

6. How do viruses mutate?
Viruses cannot live by themselves but must be able to quickly get into eukaryotic cells to survive. They use the energy metabolism and biosynthetic machinery of the cell to replicate themselves.

7. What does it mean that this virus has "parts" from other known swine flus, human flus and American bird flus?

Basically the virus called swine flu is a mutated version of swine,human and avian flu all mixed together, to form a super-flu.
They have all come in contact with each other, and kind of mixed, then grown and mixed more.

8. How does that process happen?
Pigs had the swine flu, a chicken that was sick with avian flu managed to also catch the swine flu. A human, who was ill, must have caught the virus from the sick chickens, and it mutated in his body. He then began spreading it around to other humans.
Viruses have to live in a host in order to survive.

9. How is the flu vaccine created?

10. Why are some viruses transmittable from human to human while others are not (avian flu)?
Because avian flu does not transmit human to human because the avian flu comes from directly
to the chicken.

11. How does Tamiflu work?
Tamiflu was the first orally active neuraminidase inhibitor commercially developed. It is a considered a prodrug which is hydrolysed hepatically to the active metabolite, the free carboxylate of oseltamivir (GS4071). It was developed by Gilead Sciences and is currently marketed by Hoffmann-La Roche. Tamiflu is indicated for the treatment of infections due to influenza A and B virus in people at least one year of age, and prevention of influenza in people at least 1 year or older.

12. Scientists worry that H1N1 might become resistant to Tamiflu. How might that happen?

READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
1. What is the most predictable thing about influenza?


2. How many people have died in Mexico? (based on the article as well as on latest news)
according to the government 68 people have died in Mexico City.
3. Name 3 countries where swine flu has been confirmed in the last three days.
Mexico City,United States,Canada.
4. What are the symptoms of the swine flu?
Fever,cough,sore throat,vomiting,diarrhea,headache,chills,fatigue, conjunctivitis.

5. When was the outbreak of the Spanish flu?
it was 1918

6. What percentage of the world population died of influenza then?
20%
7. Why was there an emergency vaccination program in 1976?
i dont know
8. Name a few actions the Mexican government has done to curb the spread of swine flu.
deliver,mouth covers,disinfected.Do not have direct contact,suspended everything including groceries store.
9. What were the consequences for Mexico and Mexicans due to the actions taken by the government?
The consequences were better,and they kind of work,the cases started to slow down a bit.
10. What industries were particularly hard hit?


DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. Mexico has shut down schools and other public spaces; do you think that was the correct thing to do? Why or why not?
I think that it was correct,cause of all the demands,that swine flu got to all of the people that live here,and i think that the better people kept loosing physical contact and that prevent people to get contagious and people to get sick out of it.

2. More people die from the regular flu then from swine flu, why do you think this became a big news story?
Because swine flu it wasnt the problem,the problem when the swine flu was mixed with the others flus,and that made people get sick and afterward die.And it became a big new because it got people attention,i guess.

3. Why did people stop visiting Mexico? Why have Mexicans been discriminated? Do you think the fear of the disease is justified?
Yeah i think it is because it affects everybody on the whole world,and it will scare me if someone that got flu or swine flu contagious me and then i could die,that is my fear but that is just me,and
im not against that,but i will be really scared.
4. What questions about individual and human rights does preventing the spread of flu raise?
I think that the fact that people was actually doing something about people so they couldnt be bored or something like that,and well does not loose contact whatsoever.

SNAP!! Plastic bags are a danger for the environment.

Answer the following questions
I. Why are plastic bags so common?
Cause they are lke so common for shopers,on groceries,accesories,apparel and stuff like that it is so easy to use,common uses are to take out the trash and usage of a lot of things more.

II. In what other ways is plastic used?
Bottling,plastic glass,things for dentist,disguises, and more
III. What are the benefits of plastic bags?

In not to many countries the benefits of this is that people use this for bathroom needs cause they dont have toilets they are use to seal the roof for leakage they are also use to preserve food,and keep things dry.
You can recycle and what it does is more things made out of that.
IV. What are the dangers of plastic bags?

V. What has been done so far?
San Francisco and Oakland outlawed the use of plastic bags in large grocery stores and pharmacies, permitting only paper bags with at least 40 percent recycled content or otherwise compostable bags.
other communities across the country, including Santa Monica, Calif., New Haven, Conn., Annapolis, Md., and Portland, Ore., are considering taking drastic legislative action against the bags.
In Ireland, a now 22-cent tax on plastic bags has slashed their use by more than 90 percent since 2002. In flood-prone Bangladesh, where plastic bags choked drainage systems, the bags have been banned since 2002.
VI. Has it been successful? Why or why not?
According to every single solution has been working cause people is really doing something about in the United States they care of how important this problem is and can affect,so they are doing in some cities everything that can be done in order to ban completely plastic bags.

Answer the following questions

a. What are some of the potential benefits of charging fees for and/or banning plastic bags?
In Seattle city officials here became the first in the nation to approve a fee on paper and plastic shopping bags in many retail stores. The 20-cent charge was intended to reduce pollution by encouraging reusable bags.The national economy began to decline. No state has imposed a fee or a ban.
b. What are some of the potential drawbacks of such programs?


c. Which benefits and drawbacks seem the most compelling? Why?


d. Would you support a local law charging fees for (or banning) plastic bags? Why or why not?
Yes in a matter of fact i will,because if it is a problem now a days then it would not be restriction for all those people that are stubborn and keep carrying plastic bags and such,and why not to make rules out of it,it is now a GLOBAL problem,just as GLOBAL WARMING and if there is a solution,i think the best one will be that a law like this ban all those plastic bags,it is better for all of us,and Jesus Christ would be really happy that we are helping the world of his own.

1. Do you agree with this new law? Why or why not?
Yes,i do agree with this law it will give credit for all the things that we have been losing in the last years, and we can do it better if we step out and start taking action on this issue,cause its a really really messed up problem,that mexicans have to really commit for them to stop giving plastic bags to people,i agree of the jail thing and of the credit workers will have,this law is one of the best environmental best laws ever,it reaches the posture of nature,and the safety of the world.
We can help as individuals and human beings
2. What has been done so far?
Well so far,they have restricted all the plastic bags in some and many stores for selling,and they have been starting to find more solution for this problem,like they accuse the plastic makers for bad usage of it.
3. What needs to be done to enforce such a law?
Stop using this bags and recycle bags if needed,we people that is what we can do about this problem,and other stuff is that employees and owners stop giving plastic bags and restrict them
if they know the consequences.
4. What campaigns would you suggest?
Is not about the campaigns that we have to think about,is what WE people can do in order to stop doing that,because if you have conscience about this problem you will do something more to help and stop this mess before it is to late,because you can not tell like millions of people what is your idea about,there is people that we be hearing about it,whatsoever and there will be people that they are gonna say you are homo and nerd.Cause people is actually doing nothing about it.

TIM KRETSCHMER,KILLED 15 PEOPLE ON HIS OLD SCHOOL

WHO: Tim Kretschmer, he was an student at Winnenden,Germany his old school,where he went and shoot 15 people with his father's arsenal.

WHERE:This happened in Germany,Winnenden at a school

WHEN:It was on the 11th March,2009 at night

WHY:Tim Kretschmer,he seemed normal,he just got out of his old school,he was 17 years old
his father Jorg who runs a company of packaging company that employs 20 employees including his wife Ute had a collection of 15 firearms,and Tim loved firearms.He left his old school with poor bad grades.
There were rumours that this was all about a girlfriend,he had been rejected by her, almost all the school victims were female,one of the neighbours that knew him really well said that he always was walking normal,and friendly ,he didnt seem to have any problems whatsoever.Their parents where friendly,had a lot of money and a mercedez,a lady that knew the parents,said,and describe.Tim was funny and friendly,and recently he has been study a lot,we've been playing poker,and a videogame Counter-Strike said one of the friends of Tim,named Aki.He wrote a note
that said "I had enough,always the same,everybody is laughing at me,no one sees my potential,im serious i have weapons and im going to go to my old school in the morning and have a barbecue maybe i'll get away,listen out,you will hear of me tomorrow,remember the place Winnenden." that was the last note he wrote.

WHAT: Tim Kretschmer went to his old school,and killed 15 people,including 3 proffesors and nine students more.He arrived in the morning with weapons and start shooting people.

www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article5891507.ece

________________________________________________________________

GUNMAN OPENED FIRE DURING EXAMS IN FINLAND

WHO: Matt Juhani Saari

WHERE: Classroom No.3,Kauhajoki School Of Hospitality,with 150 students and 40 teachers located in western Finland northwest of Helsinki

WHEN: The shooting began just before 11:00 am local time. Tuesday September 23,2008

WHY:Matti Juhani Saari is considered a copycat killer because he imitated previous school shooters, particularly Pekka-Eric Auvinen also from Finland, who he had contacts with. Police searches of his computer and accommodation indicate that he harbored fantasies of killing other students as far back as 2002. Police interviewed Saari on Monday the day before the shooting about his YouTube videos suggesting violent actions, and where Matti is seen firing his handgun. The police took no further action.Reportedly Saari was frequently bullied during his time at secondary school, and he had seen a psychologist and been prescribed anti-depressants.

WHAT: Matti arrived for his business skills exam 90 minutes into the test, opened fire on the classroom killing several students and a teacher, then set fire to the classroom and eventually shot himself, when police found him an hour after the shooting began.

http://www.holology.com/shooting.html#33
____________________________________________________________________

GUNMAN SHOWED FEW HINTS OF TROUBLE

WHO: Steven Kazmierczak, 27, a dean’s award winning sociology graduate from Northern Illinois University.

WHERE: Cole Hall, Northern Illinois University, 25,000 student population.

WHEN: 3:06 p.m. Thursday February 14 (Valentine’s Day) 2008.

WHY: Kazmierczak seems to have had a fairly normal childhood but a few events are of note. His mother died from ALS, a form of motor neuron disease.At one point Kazmierczak was in a mental health center.He liked violent gore-horror themes and films; he had some elaborate tattoos to show it. Steven’s family stated that his behavior had become erratic recently after he stopped taking medication used to regulate an unspecified psychological disorder.

WHAT: Reportedly wearing black clothing, jeans, t-shirt, and carrying his weapons in a guitar case and hidden under his jacket a tall, thin Steven Kazmierczak entered Cole Hall auditorium at Northern Illinois University where class was being held and, armed with one shotgun and at least three handguns, opened fire on the audience from the stage, injuring 16 random people, killing five, and then himself.

http://www.holology.com/shooting.html#33

___________________________________________________________________________

SCHOOLBOY GUNMAN POSTS THREAT ON THE INTERNET THEN KILLS EIGHT

WHO: Pekka-Eric Auvinene, dubbed the You-Tube killer by mass-media for his videos posted on that website under multiple aliases such as Sturmgeist89 and naturalselector89 (account banned).

WHERE: Jokela High School in Tuusula with 400 students between ages 12 and 18, located in a small town 30-40 miles from Helsinki.

WHEN: Wednesday November 7, 2007 at approximately 11:45 am. The shooting was probably timed to coincide with the anniversary of the Bolshevik revolution.

WHY: Very little has been published on Pekka-Eric Auvinen's background but we have been told that he has a younger brother and that Auvinen's father worked on the Finnish railways for decades, is also a guitarist, and his wife is a vocalist.

WHAT: Much of the event timeline remains undisclosed at this time. We know that Pekka-Eric Auvinen used his .22 caliber pistol to shoot multiple people and after about twenty minutes he shot himself in the head in a toilet stall beside the school cafeteria. About 90 minutes later police found him and took him to the hospital where he died eight hours later.

http://www.holology.com/shooting.html#33

___________________________________________________________________

SCHOOL GUNMAN HAD ACCESS DESPITE THREATS

WHO: Asa H. Coon, age 14

WHERE: SuccessTech Academy (High School) in Cleveland, Ohio. With an academic emphasis on technology and entrepreneurship, the school is a five-story converted office building with about 240 students, 85 percent are black, the remainder mostly Hispanic or white, and all are considered poor according to federal poverty guidelines. Although the school is equipped with metal detectors and 26 cameras, security was intermittent and, apparently, easily defeated.

WHEN: Wednesday Afternoon, October 10, 2007

WHAT: Coon had been suspended for fighting on Monday and the same day his older brother, Stephen Coon, age 19, was arrested in connection with an armed robbery. The week before Asa had made threats to blow up the school and stab students but no one paid attention.

WHY: Even though the school was small it was nonetheless overcrowded and the teaching was impersonal. Coon was new at SuccessTech Academy and was constantly being bullied and harassed by other students, often for his unkempt and disheveled appearance. In an attempt to belong and develop his personal identity he adopted the ‘goth’ look and told others that he worshipped musician Marilyn Manson as God. He was reportedly wearing black clothing, black-painted fingernails, and a Marilyn Manson t-shirt at the time of the shooting.

http://www.holology.com/shooting.html#33

___________________________________________________________________________

NEWARK SHOOTING SURVIVOR'S VOICE INSPIRES CROWD AT DSU

WHO: Jose Carranza, 28, from Peru; Rodolfo Godinez, 24, and his half-brother, Alexander Alfaro, 16, both from Nicaragua; Melvin Jovel, 18, from Honduras; and two unnamed 15-year-old boys, all under arrest for murder.

WHERE: Mount Vernon Elementary School, Newark New Jersey

WHEN: August 4, 2007

WHAT: The shooting victims were lined up against a wall behind the elementary school and shot 'execution-style' in the back of the head.

WHY: Likely gang related, the victims were black and the attackers Hispanic and probably members of the MS-13 gang judging from the style of the crime. Reasons beyond that are under investigation by the police.

http://www.holology.com/shooting.html#33

____________________________________________________________________

Based on the article below answer the following questions.

1. Who is Robert Mugabe? How long has he been in power? How popular is he?
He is the president of Zimbabwe,he has held this power since 1980,and as prime minister from
1980-1987,he has done a lot of things to his country,and he was the leader in guerilla warfare against white-minority rule in Rhodesia in the bush War

2. Who is Morgan Tsvangirai? Which is/ has been his political role?
He is the prime minister of Zimbabwe,he has been a supporter of Zimbabwe,and he is also know
for his role trade union movement.

3. What happened during last year's elections? Which was the outcome?
Zimbabwea
...n President Robert Mugabe has stepped up the use of torture against political opponents, civil rights protesters and students in an attempt to clamp down on dissent ahead of next year's elections.

4. Whis is the economic situation in Zimbabwe? How do the people feel about this?
Roman Catholic Archbishop of Bulawayo Pius Ncube says the political and economic situation in Zimbabwe has reached "life-threatening proportions,they think that Mugabe is not taking any responsability towards this situation,and people blame him for that.

5. What do you think about the celebrations and the lavish party?
That it is wrong,he cant pretend nothing is happen,despite if it is his birthday or not
he has to take action and keep working on this economy problem,cause all the people are being
affected in a result of Mugabes ignoration,and bad criticism about everything.he probably must
thing that everything is under control.

Based only on the article below, define a conflict.

a) Give the conflict a name and explain why you think it is a conflict.
Zimbabwe Party Conflict
it is a conflict, because he is being selfish...and an arrogannt cause he doesnt care about his people...he just care about his party,when the economy is going down and is affecting every individual and human being on that country.

b) Who is involved and why?
Mugabes

c) Explain in detail why the conflict has happened.
Because,people is angry with Mugabes for doing his party and he doesnt not show any interest on the economy whatsoever.
d) Give a timeline of events (at least 5) related to the conflict.

e) How do you think this conflict can be solved and why?
if cares about his country he will know what to do

1. Country name-Turkey

2. Conflict-"Turkey-Kurdistan Workers Party Conflict"
3. Copy the headlines and the link to a news item reporting on that conflict.
http://www.flashpoints.info/countries-conflicts/Turkey-Kurdistan-web/Turkey-Kurdistan_briefing.html
4. Summarize the news item in your own words in 5 - 8 sentences. (identify the main ideas)
5. Describe the conflict.TheTurkey-Kurdistan Workers Party conflict is between Republic of Turkey and the militant ethnic separatist Kurdish guerrilla,its a rebellion of pkk,which is seen as denying Kurdish identity.
6. Based on your research - geography and timeline, explain why the conflict happened. Which ones are the roots of the conflict?According the figures release by turkey 1984-2004 the the conflict has resulted in the capture of the affected of toursim
7. Answer:
a) Who is involved in the conflict?Turkey and the rebellion of PKK
b) Where is it happening?Is a problem thats been taken place since 1978
c) When did it happen and how long has it been going on?in 1978 it happened the same thing it was a rebellion

Pakistan

rvuWhich is its location? What countries does it border with?
Southern Asia,between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north,bordering the Arabian Sea.
What does the geography say about the country?

What is the dominant religion? Which other exist?
About 97 percent of all Pakistanis are Muslims. Official documentation states that Sunni Muslims constitute 77 percent of the population and that adherents of Shia Islam make up an additional 20 percent. Christians, Hindus, and members of other religions each account for about 1 percent of the population.
What are the different ethnic groups?

1. Punjabis (44.15%)
2. Pashtunts (15.42%)
3. Sindhis (14.1%)
4. Seraikis (10.53%)
5. Muhajirs (7.57%)
6. Balochis (3.57%)

Which ones are the main customs and traditions?
Traditional Pakistani marriage celebrations lasts for four day.


How is this his life different from yours?
i think my life is different from his, because we have so many unequal things, religion could be one, the fact he does not have the right, or permission to drink or have sex or either of those things. However i think we have similarities in certain way, because for example, the fact that even though i don't drink not a drop of alcohol, i mean its more because i don´t like too drink but in a way it is forbidden for me to do such.


Which custom caught your attention?
i think what really caught my attention is the fact that he cant drink,have sex or do any of that stuff.

How does his religion affect his way of acting?
cause for him probably religion is more important than anything in his life.

Now imagine you are meeting a fictitious Pakistani teenager. Get an image and a name for him/ her. Choose one fo the following from each list. Check out with peers as you cannot repeat religion and ethic group more than 5 times.

His name is Sullynh his is obviously from pakistan his religion is buddhist and the ethnicity is sindhi.

How often do you go to a religuous service? Where? Waht happens there?
i get often religious service every now and then,like every week,at a church close to my house,well we sit there and start talking about our things what we did what we did not did.

Do you know anyone of a different religion? How do you get along?
yes i do,well actually i do know, i live in america so i know christians,jews,catholics,and other buddhist. Yeah with some of them yeah i do cause we share some of the characteristics of my religion.

Do boys and girls hang out socially? Do you go to parties?
yeah sometimes,at the first time it was difficult cause i didnt know what to do and well people started talking to me eventually.No i dont go to parties its against my religion to do that because we have a no right to drink stuff that we dont need.

How many people live in your house? How do you interact?
3 people,my mom my dad and my brother, well we eat together we talk about everything that happened that day etc etc.

Who goes to school in your family?
me and my brother.
How do you dress?
like every other children on my school
Which ones are your daily chores?
well i go to school,then i go to my house and then i shower,eat and do my service.

What does it mean to be belong to your ethnic group?
it means a lot to me,cause i distinguish myself from the others.


Where are your relatives from?
Pakistan.

Do you hang out with people of other ethnicities? How do you get along?
yeah i do, i have met a couple of people over the years, i got along with them really really good.we behave as normal as usual

Do you have to marry someone of your same ethnicity?
no im 16 years old
Describe a typical tradition.
i dont remember any.

World Politicians

1. Silvio Berlusconi- Italy
2. Michelle Bachelete-Chile
3. Hillary Clinton-United States Of America
4. Hu Jintao-China
5. Álvaro Uribe-Colombia
6. Ehud Olmert-Israel
7. Gordon Brown-Scotland
8. Ban Ki Moon-South Korea
9. Nocolas Sarkozy-France
10. George Bush-United States Of America
11. Vladimir Putin-Russia
12. Fidel Castro-Cuba
13. Mahmoud Abbas-Palestine
14. Taro Asso-Japan
15. José Luis Zapatero-España
16. Kim Jong Il-Korea
17. Barack Obama-United States Of America
18. Dalai Lama-India
19. Pratibha Patil-India
20. Thein Sein-Myanmar
21. Robert Mugabe-Zimbabwe
22. Hamid Karzai-Afghanistan
23. Raul Castro-Cuba
24. Mohamed Osni Murbarak-Egypt
25. Dmitry Medvedev-Russia
26. Cristina Fernández de Kirchner-Argentina
27. Abhisit Vejjajia-Thailand
28. Ignacio Lula da Silva-Brazil
29. Angela Merkel-Germany
30. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad-Iran
31. Asif Ali Zardari-Pakistan